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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries
ACL ruptures are common athletic injuries leading to knee anterior and lateral rotatory instability.
ACL is one of the four main stabilizing ligaments of the knee.
ACL prevents forward movement of the tibia in relation to the femur and controls rotational movement of the tibia under the femur.
ACL is essential for control in pivoting movements.
Causes -
The most common contact injury is when force is applied to the lateral side of the knee that results in a large valgus movement.
The most common non contact injury occurs through a rotational mechanism in which the tibia is externally rotated.
Symptoms -
The patient often describes an audible ‘pop’, ‘crack’ or feeling of ‘giveway’.
Generalized knee pain
Feeling of instability preventing return to sport
Difficulty in weight bearing
Pain, swelling
Loss of ROM
Tenderness
Discomfort while walking
Investigations -
Physical examination
MRI
Xrays
Treatment -
Conservative or surgical depending on the tear.
Healing & Recovery
Strength training
Return to sport training
Conditioning